2023-12-22
240
2013年(nian),國(guo)內外宏觀經(jing)(jing)濟都發生(sheng)了(le)很大的變化;2014年(nian),發達國(guo)家(jia)經(jing)(jing)濟體明顯復蘇,而發展(zhan)中國(guo)家(jia)經(jing)(jing)濟增長緩慢,有(you)些國(guo)家(jia)經(jing)(jing)濟增速下(xia)滑,但(dan)中國(guo)經(jing)(jing)濟仍然是穩(wen)增長和穩(wen)中求進。
對(dui)于鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)市(shi)場環境,從產業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階段看(kan),鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)下游的(de)(de)(de)(de)行業(ye)多(duo)數正由高(gao)速發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階段向中(zhong)速平穩發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)階段過(guo)渡,固定資(zi)產投(tou)資(zi)和(he)工業(ye)增(zeng)加(jia)值回落;從時(shi)代特征(zheng)看(kan),綠色發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)、金(jin)融深化和(he)收入倍增(zeng)時(shi)代的(de)(de)(de)(de)到來,對(dui)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)行業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)提出了更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求和(he)嚴峻的(de)(de)(de)(de)挑戰;從國際環境看(kan),發(fa)達經(jing)濟(ji)體“再工業(ye)化”,使中(zhong)國鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)在傳統出口(kou)市(shi)場受(shou)貿易保護主義的(de)(de)(de)(de)“雙反(fan)”(反(fan)補貼、反(fan)傾銷)增(zeng)加(jia),而且在印度、東南亞等新興市(shi)場也(ye)面臨本(ben)土企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭(zheng)。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)企(qi)業(ye)在全球產業(ye)鏈轉移中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)競爭(zheng)加(jia)劇,企(qi)業(ye)出口(kou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)難(nan)度加(jia)大。
但是,從市場整體來看,由(you)于國(guo)家“穩中求進(jin)”的(de)經(jing)濟方針,隨(sui)著新型城鎮(zhen)化(hua)的(de)穩步推(tui)進(jin),國(guo)家在基礎(chu)設施建設、綠色(se)能源方面的(de)投(tou)資(zi)將加大(da),建筑、汽車、家電(dian)等行業對(dui)鋼(gang)材(cai)的(de)需(xu)求將保持一(yi)定的(de)增(zeng)(zeng)長,鋼(gang)管市場與其他鋼(gang)材(cai)市場相比,市場需(xu)求仍保持增(zeng)(zeng)長勢(shi)頭,預(yu)計2014年鋼(gang)管市場需(xu)求同比增(zeng)(zeng)長約3%,出口增(zeng)(zeng)長約5%。
預計鋼管總需求增長3%
2013年中(zhong)國鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)產量(liang)達到7979萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun),同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)7.67%。其(qi)中(zhong),無(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)產量(liang)2962.8萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun),同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)7.6%;焊管(guan)產量(liang)5016.2萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun),同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)7.7%。出口方面,2013年鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)出口900萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun),同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)1.61%。其(qi)中(zhong),無(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)出口512萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun),同(tong)比(bi)下降1.61%;焊管(guan)出口389萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun)(dun),同(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)5.16%。
預計(ji)2014年中(zhong)國鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)消費(fei)8200萬噸,同比增長(chang)3%,其中(zhong)無縫鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)3200萬噸、焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)5000萬噸;鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)出口約950萬噸,同比增長(chang)5%,其中(zhong)無縫鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)520萬噸、焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)430萬噸。從(cong)表格中(zhong)可以(yi)看(kan)出,房地產(chan)、機(ji)械、石油天然氣(qi)、外(wai)貿(mao)是鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)主要的(de)消費(fei)市場,占到(dao)了總(zong)消費(fei)量(liang)的(de)50%以(yi)上。
房地(di)產用鋼管有所下(xia)降
2013年(nian)我國房(fang)地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)市(shi)場呈回升態(tai)勢,全國房(fang)地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)開發(fa)(fa)投(tou)資(zi)86013億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan),同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長19.8%。預計2014年(nian)繼續向好(hao),房(fang)地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)開發(fa)(fa)投(tou)資(zi)為9.8萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan)~10.0萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)億(yi)元(yuan)(yuan),同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長15.0%~17.5%,房(fang)屋新開工面(mian)積為20.9億(yi)平方米(mi)~21.3億(yi)平方米(mi),同(tong)(tong)比(bi)(bi)增(zeng)長6.0%~8.0%,建筑行(xing)業用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼占(zhan)鋼材(cai)消費量50%,而房(fang)地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼材(cai)又占(zhan)建筑用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼的(de)(de)50%以上。房(fang)地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼管(guan)主要是指用(yong)(yong)(yong)于水煤氣(qi)管(guan)的(de)(de)鍍鋅焊管(guan)(含消防用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)),約700萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)噸,不銹(xiu)鋼管(guan)、鋼塑復合管(guan)約300萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)噸,建筑用(yong)(yong)(yong)腳手架管(guan)(?準(zhun)48mm×3.5mm,?準(zhun)51mm×3.0mm)每年(nian)新增(zeng)150萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)噸,全國城(cheng)市(shi)供水、供熱用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)250萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)噸。由(you)此(ci)預計,房(fang)地(di)(di)(di)產(chan)(chan)2014年(nian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼管(guan)約1400萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)噸,與(yu)2013年(nian)相比(bi)(bi)將下降18%。
鍍鋅焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)消費量下降(jiang)的(de)原因在于(yu):一方面(mian)由于(yu)鍍鋅焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)藝受(shou)環(huan)保(bao)的(de)制約(yue),有(you)些企(qi)業退出(chu)水(shui)(shui)煤氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)領域,就地改造(zao)(zao)成型(xing)(xing)工(gong)藝,采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)熱(re)鍍鋅帶卷直接焊(han)接成鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)裝飾(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan);另一方面(mian)則(ze)在于(yu)塑料管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)與(yu)鍍鋅焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)競(jing)爭(zheng)房屋用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)市場,取(qu)代了一部分用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)水(shui)(shui)煤氣管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)鍍鋅焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。根據城市供(gong)排水(shui)(shui)“十二(er)五”計(ji)劃,全國城市新建和改造(zao)(zao)的(de)供(gong)、排水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線總長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)為27萬公里(li),管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)型(xing)(xing)有(you)水(shui)(shui)泥管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、鑄鐵管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、塑料管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。但供(gong)居民飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)必須為鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan),預(yu)計(ji)可供(gong)居民飲(yin)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)占總長(chang)(chang)度(du)(du)的(de)1/10,約(yue)2.7萬公里(li)。水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道用(yong)(yong)(yong)焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)直徑范圍為700mm~3000mm,壁厚6mm~20mm,材質為低(di)鋼級,多用(yong)(yong)(yong)螺旋埋弧焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。
此外,北方(fang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)供熱(re)管線新建或改(gai)建的方(fang)案為(wei)(wei)集(ji)中(zhong)供熱(re),為(wei)(wei)房地(di)(di)產鋼管用量提供了市(shi)(shi)場。例如,作為(wei)(wei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)空氣(qi)凈(jing)化的必要措施,近(jin)年來(lai)哈爾(er)濱市(shi)(shi)新增集(ji)中(zhong)供熱(re)能力2000萬(wan)平方(fang)米(mi),拆并改(gai)造小鍋爐488臺,改(gai)造陳(chen)舊老化供熱(re)管網276公里。因(yin)(yin)此,城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)供熱(re)管網用鋼管量在增大。過去城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)建設著重(zhong)(zhong)關注(zhu)地(di)(di)上(shang)設施,這些年城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)地(di)(di)下(xia)排(pai)水堵塞不暢、供熱(re)系統過多分散地(di)(di)使用小鍋爐而污染大氣(qi)、供熱(re)管線老化停(ting)止運行等(deng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)下(xia)舊管網的弊端不斷暴露,使得今(jin)后(hou)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)下(xia)管網設施的更新或改(gai)進將受到重(zhong)(zhong)視,這將使房地(di)(di)產鋼管用量的需求有(you)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)穩定(ding)的市(shi)(shi)場。
機械鋼管有所回升
2013年我國機(ji)械工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)規(gui)模以(yi)上工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)增(zeng)加值(zhi)同比增(zeng)長9.7%,全(quan)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)完(wan)成出(chu)口(kou) 交貨值(zhi)17855.43億(yi)元,同比增(zeng)長2.53%。出(chu)口(kou)增(zeng)速行(xing)業(ye)(ye)(ye)中,農業(ye)(ye)(ye)機(ji)械提高(gao)9.8個百(bai)分(fen)點,文化(hua)辦公設備(bei)提高(gao)8.59個百(bai)分(fen)點,機(ji)床工(gong)具提高(gao)7.91個百(bai)分(fen)點。出(chu)口(kou)金額增(zeng)速高(gao)的是礦井提升設備(bei),增(zeng)幅(fu)為(wei)95.59%。
2013年(nian)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)工業(ye)消耗(hao)鋼材(cai)1.33億噸,同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)4%。預計(ji)2014年(nian)國(guo)民經濟將(jiang)企(qi)穩回升(sheng),基礎設(she)施投資繼續增(zeng)長(chang),城(cheng)鎮(zhen)化促進工業(ye)化進程步伐加(jia)快,將(jiang)帶動機(ji)械(xie)(xie)工業(ye)需求有所(suo)回升(sheng)。同(tong)(tong)時,我國(guo)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)保(bao)有量(liang)已經達(da)到(dao)較大(da)規(gui)模,產(chan)(chan)品(pin)更新換代和維護修(xiu)理量(liang)將(jiang)明顯上(shang)升(sheng)。預計(ji)2014年(nian)我國(guo)機(ji)械(xie)(xie)工業(ye)增(zeng)加(jia)值增(zeng)速高于2013年(nian),將(jiang)達(da)到(dao)11%;鋼材(cai)消費(fei)量(liang)將(jiang)達(da)到(dao)1.4億噸,同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)5.3%;鋼管用量(liang)約(yue)為1400萬(wan)噸,同(tong)(tong)比(bi)增(zeng)長(chang)12%。
石油天然(ran)氣管(guan)線管(guan)用量持平(ping)
在(zai)(zai)全(quan)球經濟(ji)溫(wen)和增長的情(qing)況(kuang)下,國(guo)際石(shi)油(you)天然(ran)氣市場在(zai)(zai)2014年(nian)將呈現(xian)出石(shi)油(you)需求保持穩步增長、石(shi)油(you)供給(gei)仍將較快增加、美元走強抑制石(shi)油(you)價格上漲三個(ge)特點。天然(ran)氣在(zai)(zai)我國(guo)能源消費中的比例目(mu)前為5.3%,預計2014年(nian)我國(guo)天然(ran)氣產量將達(da)到1310億(yi)(yi)立方米,原油(you)產量將達(da)到2.2億(yi)(yi)噸。
提高清潔能源用(yong)量(liang)將使石油(you)天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸送管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)成為鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)市場需求(qiu)的(de)亮點,拉動鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)較快(kuai)(kuai)增長。2014年中(zhong)石油(you)將續建(jian)(jian)西氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)東輸三線(xian)中(zhong)段、永(yong)泰聯絡線(xian)、陜京四線(xian),中(zhong)石化(hua)投資(zi)新(xin)建(jian)(jian)的(de)新(xin)疆煤(mei)制(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)外輸管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)工程(cheng)(包括新(xin)粵浙管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)和(he)新(xin)魯(lu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao))正(zheng)在(zai)(zai)啟動,其相(xiang)關干(gan)線(xian)、支(zhi)線(xian)和(he)配套管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)也將陸續展開(kai)。與此同時(shi),非常(chang)規天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輸送管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)建(jian)(jian)設(she)也拉開(kai)了序(xu)幕,例如中(zhong)石油(you)開(kai)始鋪設(she)我(wo)國條頁巖(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao),全長約93公里(li)。煤(mei)層(ceng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)建(jian)(jian)設(she)也進入了快(kuai)(kuai)車道(dao)(dao)(dao),以(yi)山西沁水盆地為例,在(zai)(zai)“十二(er)五”期間鄂爾多斯東緣和(he)豫北要(yao)建(jian)(jian)設(she)13條煤(mei)層(ceng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao),輸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)總長2054公里(li),設(she)計(ji)輸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)能力120億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。煤(mei)制(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)開(kai)發也已啟動,到(dao)2015年將建(jian)(jian)煤(mei)制(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)項(xiang)目(mu)12個,產(chan)(chan)能700億立(li)方(fang)米(mi);到(dao)2020年煤(mei)制(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)項(xiang)目(mu)將達(da)到(dao)20個,產(chan)(chan)能達(da)到(dao)1200億立(li)方(fang)米(mi)。預計(ji)需要(yao)新(xin)建(jian)(jian)3條輸氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao),目(mu)前在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)的(de)有大唐煤(mei)制(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進京管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)和(he)伊(yi)犁(li)煤(mei)制(zhi)(zhi)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)(dao)。
新(xin)型城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)化(hua)將(jiang)(jiang)帶(dai)動城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)燃(ran)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)、成(cheng)品油(you)(you)(you)(you)(汽油(you)(you)(you)(you)、柴油(you)(you)(you)(you))管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)的(de)(de)發展(zhan)。一方(fang)面(mian),我(wo)國將(jiang)(jiang)繼續推進城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)燃(ran)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)和成(cheng)品油(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)的(de)(de)建設;到(dao)(dao)2015年,我(wo)國城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)天然氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)將(jiang)(jiang)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)43萬公里(li)(li)~45萬公里(li)(li),到(dao)(dao)“十二五”末我(wo)國城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)燃(ran)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)總長(chang)度(du)(du)(du)將(jiang)(jiang)達(da)(da)到(dao)(dao)60萬公里(li)(li)。成(cheng)品油(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)將(jiang)(jiang)保證城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)品油(you)(you)(you)(you)供應(ying)能力和提升成(cheng)品油(you)(you)(you)(you)行業的(de)(de)水平(ping)。以江西省(sheng)為例,2014年我(wo)國將(jiang)(jiang)啟動鋪設長(chang)沙-南昌(chang)成(cheng)品油(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道,長(chang)達(da)(da)360公里(li)(li),到(dao)(dao)2015年,全省(sheng)計劃完成(cheng)5條(tiao)成(cheng)品油(you)(you)(you)(you)長(chang)輸管(guan)(guan)(guan)道,總長(chang)度(du)(du)(du)達(da)(da)1250公里(li)(li),連接全省(sheng)加油(you)(you)(you)(you)站總量達(da)(da)3800座(zuo)。另一方(fang)面(mian),2013年11月22日青島(dao)黃濰輸油(you)(you)(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線爆炸(zha)特大事(shi)故(gu)的(de)(de)發生,將(jiang)(jiang)加大城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)對舊有油(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線的(de)(de)更新(xin)力度(du)(du)(du)。以上(shang)海市(shi)(shi)(shi)為例,上(shang)海市(shi)(shi)(shi)燃(ran)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)規模(mo)2.3萬公里(li)(li),使用燃(ran)氣(qi)的(de)(de)歷史長(chang)達(da)(da)147年,舊有管(guan)(guan)(guan)道(鑄鐵管(guan)(guan)(guan))改(gai)造的(de)(de)任務很繁重。上(shang)海市(shi)(shi)(shi)自(zi)2013年開始實施120公里(li)(li)燃(ran)氣(qi)隱患管(guan)(guan)(guan)網(wang)的(de)(de)改(gai)造,預計在2014年內(nei)完成(cheng)。這只是(shi)我(wo)國城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)(shi)舊有油(you)(you)(you)(you)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)道改(gai)造的(de)(de)序幕。
預計2014年(nian)國內市場陸(lu)地上天然氣(qi)、原油(you)(you)(you)、成品(pin)油(you)(you)(you)長輸管(guan)(guan)線、非常規天然氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)線、城市燃(ran)氣(qi)管(guan)(guan)網和成品(pin)油(you)(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)網所用管(guan)(guan)線管(guan)(guan)總量為650萬噸,油(you)(you)(you)井管(guan)(guan)400萬噸(其中無縫管(guan)(guan)320萬噸,焊管(guan)(guan)80萬噸),共計石(shi)油(you)(you)(you)專(zhuan)用管(guan)(guan)約1050萬噸,與(yu)2013年(nian)管(guan)(guan)線管(guan)(guan)用量大致持平。
礦漿管線需求是外貿新亮點
2013年(nian)中國鋼管(guan)(guan)外貿(mao)(mao)取得很大(da)(da)進展,是鋼材出口(kou)三大(da)(da)產品(pin)(冷板系列(lie)、熱板系列(lie)、管(guan)(guan)材系列(lie))之一,出口(kou)集(ji)中地(di)為(wei)東(dong)南(nan)亞、中東(dong)和北美地(di)區。然而,由于貿(mao)(mao)易保(bao)護主(zhu)義明顯增加,我國鋼管(guan)(guan)出口(kou)將面(mian)臨更(geng)多困難。西(xi)方發(fa)達(da)國家如(ru)美國、歐(ou)盟(meng)、加拿大(da)(da)因自(zi)身“再工業化”,發(fa)展中國家如(ru)巴西(xi)、印度、墨西(xi)哥為(wei)保(bao)護本土企業,都對(dui)我國企業發(fa)起(qi)(qi)“雙反”調(diao)查。根據(ju)相關機(ji)(ji)構統計,國際金融危機(ji)(ji)爆發(fa)5年(nian)來,各(ge)國新(xin)出臺了(le)近(jin)300項(xiang)“以鄰為(wei)壑”的(de)貿(mao)(mao)易措施。據(ju)統計,2013年(nian)境外對(dui)我國鋼鐵(tie)企業發(fa)起(qi)(qi)的(de)貿(mao)(mao)易救濟措施調(diao)查達(da)到17起(qi)(qi)。
然(ran)(ran)而,鋼(gang)管(guan)外(wai)(wai)貿形勢也(ye)有(you)有(you)利(li)的(de)(de)(de)一面。世(shi)界石油(you)(you)版(ban)圖在(zai)悄(qiao)悄(qiao)變(bian)化(hua)(hua),美國頁巖氣(qi)(qi)開發(fa)成功,意味著其能源(yuan)自給(gei)率大大提(ti)升,依賴中(zhong)(zhong)東石油(you)(you)供給(gei)的(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)已經弱化(hua)(hua);我國中(zhong)(zhong)海(hai)油(you)(you)、中(zhong)(zhong)石油(you)(you)、中(zhong)(zhong)石化(hua)(hua)等企業得到海(hai)外(wai)(wai)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)新機(ji)遇;世(shi)界非(fei)常規(gui)天(tian)然(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展,促進了世(shi)界多個(ge)(ge)地區油(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)長輸管(guan)線(xian)(xian)建設的(de)(de)(de)蓬勃(bo)興起(qi),除了在(zai)建的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)線(xian)(xian)以(yi)外(wai)(wai),規(gui)劃的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)線(xian)(xian)長度達(da)14.3萬公(gong)里,其中(zhong)(zhong)75%是天(tian)然(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)管(guan)線(xian)(xian),未來的(de)(de)(de)世(shi)界油(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)專用管(guan)市場留(liu)有(you)發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)空間。同時,國外(wai)(wai)的(de)(de)(de)礦漿(jiang)管(guan)線(xian)(xian)需求(qiu)也(ye)是一個(ge)(ge)外(wai)(wai)貿新亮點。例(li)如日前武(wu)鋼(gang)武(wu)漢(han)江北(bei)公(gong)司HFW660鋼(gang)管(guan)廠生產的(de)(de)(de)X70鋼(gang)級(ji)、單管(guan)長度18米的(de)(de)(de)礦漿(jiang)焊管(guan)出口到澳(ao)大利(li)亞(ya)(ya),應用于巴布亞(ya)(ya)新幾內(nei)亞(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)礦漿(jiang)輸送管(guan)線(xian)(xian)工(gong)程。
按照“借船出(chu)(chu)海”的(de)思路(lu),天津鋼(gang)管(guan)集團公(gong)司在美國(guo)建設(she)無縫鋼(gang)管(guan)石油套管(guan)加工(gong)基地(di),為我國(guo)鋼(gang)管(guan)“走出(chu)(chu)去”作出(chu)(chu)了示范。我國(guo)鋼(gang)管(guan)企業在外貿(mao)上不僅(jin)僅(jin)是出(chu)(chu)口(kou)鋼(gang)管(guan)實物,還可(ke)以出(chu)(chu)口(kou)鋼(gang)管(guan)設(she)備和技(ji)術等(deng)。